视频介绍
iData Global, Excel 66 个函数公式课程完全免费,从入门到高级进阶,效率翻倍快速处理技巧,
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视频FAQ
什么是公式与函数? 请观看视频4:00处
公式是对单元格或单元格区域中的值进行计算的表达式。
例如:
=A1+A2+A3
,计算从A1到A3单元格范围内值的总和。
=IF(C5=0, 0, D5/C5)
=LEN(B4)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(B4," ", ""))+1
公式总是以等号开头,可以包含以下任意元素:
- 数学/文本/逻辑运算符:+, *, &, /, ^, =, >, <
- 单元格引用:包括命名的单元格和区域
- 数值或文本
- 工作表函数:例如SUM和AVERAGE
What is Formula Functions
A formula is an expression that operates on values in a range of cells or a cell.
For example:
=A1+A2+A3
, which finds the sum of the range of values from cell A1 to cell A3.
=IF(C5=0, 0, D5/C5)
=LEN(B4)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(B4," ", ""))+1
A formula always begins with an equal sign and can contain any of the following elements:
- Mathematical / text / logic operators: +, *, &, /, ^, =, >, <
- Cell references: including named cells and ranges
- Values or text
- Worksheet functions: such as SUM and AVERAGE
怎么在Excel中输入公式?请查看视频34:32处!
在编辑栏中输入公式的方法:
- 定位单元格
- 输入”=”
- 指向单元格引用或输入值
- 命名单元格或区域可通过三种方式选择:
- 从下拉列表中选择
- 按F3键
- 点击”公式”选项卡 > “定义的名称”组 > “在公式中使用”下拉菜单
插入函数
- 公式自动完成(至少输入函数名的第一个字符)
- 通过”公式”选项卡中的”函数库”组
单元格引用
默认情况下,Excel创建相对单元格引用:
- 相对引用:复制公式时行/列会改变(如A5)
- 绝对引用:复制公式时行/列固定(如$A$5)
- 混合引用:行或列之一固定(如$A4或A$4)
- 重复按F4键可循环切换所有四种引用类型
跨工作表引用
示例:=A1*Sheet2!A2
如果工作表名称包含空格,需用单引号括住:
示例:=A1*'All Depts'!A1
跨工作簿引用
基本语法:=[工作簿名]工作表名!单元格地址
- 工作簿名放在方括号内
- 工作簿名和工作表名之间无分隔符
- 工作表名和单元格地址之间用感叹号分隔
- 工作簿名含空格时:
=A1*'[2019预算.xlsx]Sheet1'!A1
- 关闭的工作簿:
=A1*'C:\我的文档\[2019预算.xlsx]Sheet1'!A1
- 打开的工作簿:
=A1*'[2019预算.xlsx]Sheet1'!A1
- 服务器上的工作簿:
='\\数据服务器\文件\[预算.xlsx]Sheet1'!$D$7
How to enter Formula in Excel
To enter a formula which shows up in the formula bar:
- Locate cell
- Type in “=”
- Point to cell reference or type in values
- Named cells or ranges can be selected in any of three ways:
- Select from drop down list
- Press F3 key
- Click Formulas tab > Defined Names group > Use in Formula dropdown
Insert Function
- Formula AutoComplete (requires at least first character of function name)
- Function Library group on Formulas tab
Cell References
By default, Excel creates relative cell references:
- Relative: Row/column change when copied (e.g., A5)
- Absolute: Row/column fixed when copied (e.g., $A$5)
- Mixed: Either row or column fixed (e.g., $A4 or A$4)
- Press F4 repeatedly to cycle through reference types
Cell References from Another Sheet
Example: =A1*Sheet2!A2
If worksheet name contains spaces, enclose in single quotes:
Example: =A1*'All Depts'!A1
Referencing Cells from Other Workbooks
Basic syntax: =[WorkbookName]SheetName!CellAddress
- Workbook name in square brackets
- No delimiter between workbook and sheet name
- Exclamation mark between sheet name and cell address
- For workbook names with spaces:
=A1*'[Budget For 2019.xlsx]Sheet1'!A1
- For closed workbooks:
=A1*'C:\My Documents\[Budget For 2019.xlsx]Sheet1'!A1
- For open workbooks:
=A1*'[Budget For 2019.xlsx]Sheet1'!A1
- For server workbooks:
='\\DataServer\files\[budget.xlsx]Sheet1'!$D$7
常见公式错误有哪些?如何更正?请观看视频1:05:36
- #DIV/0!:除以零或空白单元格
- #NAME?:使用了未识别的名称(名称拼写错误、已被删除或引号不匹配)
- #N/A:引用了使用NA函数的单元格(数据不可用)
- #NULL!:引用了两个不相交区域的交集
- #NUM!:数值问题(如在需要正数时输入了负数)
- #REF!:引用无效单元格(单元格已被删除)
- #VALUE!:包含错误类型的参数或操作数
修改后重新计算公式
自动更新结果:
- 手动模式:公式 → 计算 → 计算选项 → 手动
- F9键:计算所有打开工作簿中的公式
- Shift+F9键:仅计算当前工作表中的公式
What are Common Formula Errors? How to correct these errors?
- #DIV/0!: Divide by zero or blank
- #NAME?: Unrecognized name (misspelled name, deleted name, or unmatched quotes)
- #N/A: Refers to cell using NA function (data not available)
- #NULL!: Intersection of two non-intersecting ranges
- #NUM!: Invalid numeric value (e.g., negative number where positive required)
- #REF!: Invalid cell reference (cell deleted from worksheet)
- #VALUE!: Wrong argument/operand type for calculation
Re-Calculate Modified Formulas
Automatically update results:
- Manual mode: Formulas → Calculation → Calculation Options → Manual
- F9: Calculates formulas in all open workbooks
- Shift+F9: Calculates formulas only in active worksheet
商业分析函数SUM函数的有哪些典型应用? 请观看视频1:48:14处
1. 目标完成百分比
目标达成比例:
=实际值 / 目标值
示例:=D6/C6
2. 百分比差异
数值间的百分比差异:
=(新值 - 基准值) / 基准值
示例:=(今年销售额 - 去年销售额)/去年销售额
3. 百分比分布
度量值在总量中的分布比例:
=单项值 / SUM(总范围)
示例:=C3/SUM($C$3:$C$6)
4. 累计总计
随时间推移的累计指标:
=SUM($起始单元格:当前单元格)
示例:=SUM($C$3:C5)
SUM Function Applications for Business Analysis
1. Percent of Goal
Percentage of goal achieved:
=Actual / Goal
Example: =D6/C6
2. Percent Variance
Percentage difference between values:
=(New_Value - Benchmark) / Benchmark
Example: =(this_year_sales - last_year_sales)/last_year_sales
3. Percent Distribution
Measure distributed among total:
=Value / SUM(Total_Range)
Example: =C3/SUM($C$3:$C$6)
4. Running Total
Metric progression over time:
=SUM($Start_Cell:Current_Cell)
Example: =SUM($C$3:C5)